During the two years in hiding, Anne wrote about events in the Secret Annex, but also about her feelings and thoughts. In addition, she wrote short stories, started on a novel and copied passages from the books she read in her Book of Beautiful Sentences.
Writing helped her pass the time. When the Minister of Education of the Dutch government in England made an appeal on Radio Orange to hold on to war diaries and documents, Anne was inspired to rewrite her individual diaries into one running story, titled Het Achterhuis The Secret Annex. Anne started rewriting her diary, but before she was done, she and the other people in hiding were discovered and arrested by police officers on 4 August The police also arrested two of the helpers.
To this day, we do not know the reason for the police raid. Via the offices of the Sicherheitsdienst the German security police , a prison in Amsterdam, and the Westerbork transit camp, the people from the Secret Annex were put on transport to the Auschwitz-Birkenau concentration and extermination camp.
The train journey took three days, during which Anne and over a thousand others were packed closely together in cattle wagons. There was little food and water and only a barrel for a toilet. Upon arrival at Auschwitz, Nazi doctors checked to see who would and who would not be able to do heavy forced labour. Around people from Anne's transport were immediately taken to the gas chambers and murdered.
Anne, Margot and their mother were sent to the labour camp for women. Otto ended up in a camp for men. In early November , Anne was put on transport again. She was deported to the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp with Margot. Their parents stayed behind in Auschwitz. The conditions in Bergen-Belsen were horrible too. There was a lack of food, it was cold, wet and there were contagious diseases. Levy, Daniel S. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum.
Photograph: Public domain. How to Cite this page. Date accessed. Additional Resources. Official Anne Frank Youtube Channel. Related Biographies. Abrams is now one of the most prominent African American female politicians in the United States. Abigail Adams was an early advocate for women's rights. A progressive social reformer and activist, Jane Addams was on the frontline of the settlement house movement and was the first American woman to win a Nobel Peace Prize.
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Shirley Chisholm to better understand her experience, and the experience of women everywhere in America. After years of enduring anti-Semitism in Germany, the Franks were relieved to once again enjoy freedom in their new hometown of Amsterdam. Frank began attending Amsterdam's Sixth Montessori School in , and throughout the rest of the s, she lived a relatively happy and normal childhood.
Frank had many friends, Dutch and German, Jewish and Christian, and she was a bright and inquisitive student. On May 10, , the German army invaded the Netherlands. The Dutch surrendered on May 15, , marking the beginning of the Nazi occupation of the Netherlands.
As Frank later wrote in her diary, "After May , the good times were few and far between; first there was the war, then the capitulation and then the arrival of the Germans, which is when the trouble started for the Jews. Beginning in October , the Nazi occupiers imposed anti-Jewish measures in the Netherlands.
Jews were required to wear a yellow Star of David at all times and observe a strict curfew; they were also forbidden from owning businesses. Frank and her sister were forced to transfer to a segregated Jewish school. Otto managed to keep control of his company by officially signing ownership over to two of his Christian associates, Jo Kleiman and Victor Kugler, while continuing to run the company from behind the scenes. On July 5, , Margot received an official summons to report to a Nazi work camp in Germany.
The very next day, the Frank family went into hiding in makeshift quarters in an empty space at the back of Otto's company building, which they referred to as the Secret Annex. The Franks were accompanied in hiding by Otto's business partner Hermann van Pels as well as his wife, Auguste, and son, Peter.
Otto's employees Kleiman and Kugler, as well as Jan and Miep Gies and Bep Voskuijl, provided food and information about the outside world. The families spent two years in hiding, never once stepping outside the dark, damp, sequestered portion of the building.
On August 4, , a German secret police officer accompanied by four Dutch Nazis stormed into the Secret Annex, arresting everyone that was hiding there including Frank and her family. They had been betrayed by an anonymous tip, and the identity of their betrayer remains unknown to this day. The residents of the Secret Annex were shipped off to Camp Westerbork, a concentration camp in the northeastern Netherlands.
They arrived by a passenger train on August 8, In the middle of the night on September 3, , they were transferred to the Auschwitz concentration camp in Poland. Upon arriving at Auschwitz, the men and women were separated. This was the last time that Otto ever saw his wife or daughters. After several months of hard labor hauling heavy stones and grass mats, Frank and Margot were again transferred.
They arrived at the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp in Germany during the winter, where food was scarce, sanitation was awful and disease ran rampant. Their mother was not allowed to go with them. Edith fell ill and died at Auschwitz shortly after arriving at the camp, on January 6, Frank and her sister Margot both came down with typhus in the early spring of
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