The unified Greek confederation was, for the first time in centuries, freed from the influence of the ever encroaching Persians and the destruction that wars between the city-state brought. This in turn allowed Greek culture to finally surpass Persian culture as the dominant culture of the Mediterranean. Not only in life did Alexander affect geopolitics, but also in death. For after Alexander died his generals squabbled over his empire.
Eventually dividing it into 4 kingdoms. These kingdoms continued to exist for the next hundred years, all of them playing a key role in Mediterranean politics. Finally, Alexander established a legacy that drove future great men the most noteworthy being Julius Caesar and Napoleon to aspire to be like him. These aspirations would lead to some of the most important decisions and events in history.
Not only should he be remembered for his conquests, but he should also be known for his promotion of cultural exchange, the great changes to geopolitics that he triggered, and the example that he set for future great men.
All of these are reasons that Alexander truly deserves to be known as the Great. Image 1. Image 2. Image 3. In Uncategorized. Very fascinating topic. As a result of the Athenian defeat during the Peloponnesian war several thinkers appeared. These philosophers were determined to seek the truth. Explain two basic assumptions elaborated by the philosophers. The universe land, sky, and sea is put together in an orderly way, and subject to absolute and unchanging laws.
People can understand these laws through logic and reason. Located just north of Greece -had rough terrain and a cold climate. Who were the Sophists?
Darius III. Who was Socrates? How did he teach philosophy to his students? He was a critic of the Sophists - believed that absolute standards did exist fro truth and justice.
He taught philosophy by encouraging Greeks to go farther and question themselves and their moral character. When he conquered Persia, it is the largest amount of land and placed the most threat to the Macedonians.
Who was Aristotle? What did he invent? Where was this method later applied? He was a philosopher who questioned the nature of the world and of human belief. He invented a method of arguing according to rules of logic. In the fields of psychology, physics, and biology. How was Phillip II able to conquer Greece? He used large phalanx to destroy the Greeks 16 x 16 phalanx. Philip II. Alexander The Great. Why did the Greeks look down on the Macedonians?
The battle soon became a war of nerves. From that point on the Persian army started to collapse and the Persian king fled, with Alexander in hot pursuit. Darius was later betrayed by one of his satraps, or regional governors, named Bessus who then claimed kingship over what was left of Persia , and was killed by his own troops in B.
He needed to have the appearance of legitimacy to appease the people, so Alexander provided a noble burial for Darius. Alexander was influenced by the teachings of his tutor, Aristotle, whose philosophy of Greek ethos did not require forcing Greek culture on the colonized.
In this way, he would gain their loyalty by honoring their culture, even after the conquest was complete, creating security and stability. Alexander himself even adopted Persian dress and certain Persian customs," Abernethy said. Wishing to incorporate the most easterly portions of the Persian Empire into his own, Alexander campaigned in central Asia from and B.
It was a rocky, frost-bitten conflict, which raised tensions within his own army, and led to Alexander killing two of his closest friends. At some point during Alexander's campaign in central Asia, Parmenio's son, Philotas, allegedly failed to report a plot against Alexander's life. The king, incensed, decided to kill not only Philotas and the other men deemed conspirators, but also Parmenio, even though he apparently had nothing to do with the alleged plot. According to the first-century A.
When Parmenio was reading the letter from his son, a general named Cleander, who aided Polydamas with his mission, "opened him Parmenio up with a sword thrust to his side, then struck him a second blow in the throat…" killing him, Quintus Curtius wrote. A second casualty of Alexander's fury was his friend Cleitus, who was angry at Alexander for adopting Persian dress and customs. After an episode where the two were drinking, Cleitus scolded the king, telling him, in essence, that he should follow Macedonian ways, not Persian customs.
Cleitus lifted up his right hand and said, "this is the hand, Alexander, that saved you then at the Battle of Granicus ," according to Arrian. Alexander, infuriated, killed him with a spear or pike. Alexander took his act of murder terribly. Alexander's days in central Asia were not all unhappy.
After his troops had captured a fortress at a place called Sogdian Rock in modern-day Uzbekistan in B. Plutarch explained in " The Life of Alexander the Great " that he made an alliance with a local ruler named Taxiles, who agreed to allow Alexander to use his city, Taxila, as a base of operations.
He also agreed to give Alexander all the supplies he needed — which was very useful given Alexander's long supply lines. In exchange, Alexander agreed to fight Porus, a local ruler who set out against Alexander with an army that reportedly included elephants. The two armies met at the Hydaspes River in B. Alexander bided his time; he scouted the area, built up a fleet of ships and lulled Porus into a false sense of security. When Porus mobilized his forces he found himself in a predicament; his cavalry was not as experienced as Alexander's.
As such, he put his elephants — animals the Macedonians had never faced in large numbers — up front. He became the measure against which military leaders compared themselves, and military academies throughout the world still teach his tactics. He never lost a battle, despite typically being outnumbered. His impressive record was largely due to his smart use of terrain, phalanx and cavalry tactics, bold strategy, and the fierce loyalty of his troops. Alexander used its speed and maneuverability to great effect against larger, but more disparate, Persian forces.
Alexander also recognized the potential for disunity among his diverse army, due to the various languages, cultures, and preferred weapons individual soldiers wielded. He overcame the possibility of unrest among his troops by being personally involved in battles, as was common among Macedonian kings. In his first battle in Asia, at Granicus, Alexander used only a small part of his forces—perhaps 13, infantry, with 5, cavalry—against a much larger Persian force of 40, Alexander placed the phalanx at the center, and cavalry and archers on the wings, so that his line matched the length of the Persian cavalry line.
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